Risk Management Process Section Of Management - 2300 Words

Prepare the Scope and Objectives of the Risk Management Process section of the Risk Management Plan based on the facts presented in the case study Risk management process is an important aspect of the organization. There are various threats that may impede the organization’s success. For example, the scenario in the case study may make the company lose a number of loyal customers; hence, reduction in sales revenue. The scope and objectives of the risk management process should be in line with the overall risk management plan. They are important elements in providing the guidelines for the management in the implementation of the risk management plan. The main objective of the risk management process is to develop a method to monitoring, evaluating, and managing the risks in the entire project life. Risks are usually uncertain, and may have a positive or negative impact on the project objectives (Govori, 2012). With respect to the case study, theft of customer data is a risk. It is uncertain, and gets the organization in a time that it has not fully completed its risk management plan. The objective of the risk management p rocess, in this case, is to establish an approach to monitoring the customer use of credit cards, identifying the authenticity of the transactions, and managing the use of the credit cards to avoid any fraudulent activities. Next, the risk management process would identify the potential risk sources; evaluate the individual risks and effect on cost,Show MoreRelatedWhat Is Iso 9001? Iso 9001 Is An International Standard1207 Words   |  5 PagesISO 9001 is an international standard that focus on the requirements for a quality management system. Companies in different countries use this system as it proves the capability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and requirements that they want. 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Suffering and Death in Africa Essay - 913 Words

In Africa, it is a known fact that many people are suffering from a variety of diseases. Currently, the most common diseases is HIVs/AIDs, which is especially a problem in South-Africa. Almost 68 percent of the people suffering from diseases have HIVs/AIDs. It was recorded that out of 58.03 million people who died globally in 2005, 10.9 million were from Africa. And also that almost 50% the population in Africa lack of access to essential medicines, meaning that people are suffering and dying from the simple lack of materials. While more than 70 percent of HIV infection worldwide is through heterosexual sex, in sub-Saharan Africa the percentage is higher (Jackson 2002). Another way that HIV is transmitted is HIV-infected mother to her†¦show more content†¦But ARVs drugs don’t prevent infection or cure the virus. But they do, however, put a stop to life cycle of the virus, preventing its reproduction and its life cycle. ARVs can reduce the patients viral load to undete ctable levels. But ARVs were unaffordable in Africa until 2001 when an Indian drug company, Cipla, offered to provide a years supply for $350, one-fortieth the cost in countries such as the United States. Although the price of ARVs has fallen dramatically, only a few Africans have access to the drugs. Also not only is it the lack of transportation but also the lack of knowledge that have affected the people. With better knowledge there could be nurses and doctors helping out the people in need. And it is because of the lack of clean medical equipment’s, malnutrition, parasitic infection, poor sanitation, knowledge and lack of transportation that many people are suffering and dying each and every day. An American scientist, Peter Duesberg, stated that the HIVs/AIDS known and recognized in African are no way simile and are completely different from the HIVs/AIDS found in American and European. Duesberg said that, they way HIV is transmitted and handled in the USA and Eu rope are not in any way similar in the way it is transmitted in Africa. In Africa the HIV virus is not very commonly responsible for any of the sexually transmitted disease that have been happening in the USA and Europe. He stated that many of the diseases that are diagnosed as AIDS inShow MoreRelated Africas Health Care Crisis Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pages The residents of Africa are suffering from preventable, treatable, and fatal diseases everyday at a higher rate compared to developed countries. The healthcare crisis in Africa is the primary cause of all these deaths, and includes inefficient healthcare systems. Consequently, Africans inefficient healthcare systems results in poor delivery of care and a shortage of health professionals. 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Computing Multimedia Case Study free essay sample

Computing Multimedia, a multimedia services company to medium and large sized business, has been a pioneer for over twelve years now providing multimedia-computing solutions to enterprises. However, after being recognized on a national level as a provider of high-end multi media applications, CMMi is facing the conflict of lack of customer retention. Although the industry as a whole is booming and CMMi continues to receive new customers, an abundance of previous customers have been noted to transferring their business to a rival competitor, Knights amp; Schoening. In order to better understand the root of this problem, Noreen Kopf, the marketing director at CMMi has decided to issue a customer satisfaction survey to be taken by 81 clients to better understand what drives customer satisfaction and retention. The survey evaluates both the overall satisfaction of CMMi and Knights and Schoening, as well as rates the companies on a scale of one to five for eight independent variables including information provided with product, longevity of hardware, performance of products, features of products, price of products, ease of use of products, reliability of products, documentation provided with products, operating costs of products, delivery time of orders, response time of customer support and expertise of customer support. We will write a custom essay sample on Computing Multimedia Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Using the results from the customer survey, we can evaluate the importance of each of these variables, and determine which of these variables are valid and critical drivers of customer satisfaction and customer retention. The first step in understanding this is to run a regression analysis of the results to determine the R2 value, which is the measure of the validity of a regression model in predicting future outcomes.

Organisational Development Interventions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Identify whether the problems in the organisation are primarily cultural, technological or structural (or some blend of these factors). Please justify your analysis with reference to the case?2.Identified and explain how organisational development could improve efficiency and effectiveness in the organisation? Answers: Introduction: Employees are the working force of any organisations. The reputation, productivity and profit of an organisation depend on employment relationship. Often it has been seen that an organisation faces various kinds of troubles due to lack of communication between the employees and managers. An organisation generally comprises of three categories of employees, firstly the people who develop plans, next the people who execute the plans and finally the people who investigate the effects of the plans. Communication between each level of employees and sharing the problems and feedbacks with the authorities help an organisation to maintain the stability in employment relations. The following case study contains various problems in Tims organisation, which have been developed majorly due to lack of communication between the employees categorized on their roles. Many employees have suppressed many issues only due to the fear of losing job (Anderson, 2017). The purpose of the discussion is to find out and analyse the major problems in Tims organisation from experts view point and to verify the justification of the solutions that are provided within the case study. Identification of Problems: The major problem in Tims organisation is communication between various departments. Working departments of Tims organisation can be classified into three groups like assessors, crew and inspectors respectively. There are many issues lie within the organisation that elevates the difference among the teams. Departments only communicate with each other when they have severe issues or major complaints again the other departments (Bansal, 2015). An incident had occurred within the organisation when a crew leader had a loud conversation with an assessor telling him that he or she was not doing the job appropriately. Problems are highlighted that crew is not trusted to take circumstantial or emergency decisions during the work (Anderson, 2017). Another general problem is that any decision that has been taken by the authority does not contain the proper follow-through by the authority and each of the departments. Main factors those are associated with the problems of the crew are appreciati on, respect and trust. Crew members felt that they have not been treated with appropriate respect within the organisation and their works have not been appreciated, rather benefits of the company are noticed by the managers primarily (Raoufi, Fayek Gellatly, 2016). Crew is feeling that their voice is expandable within the organisation and they cannot relate themselves as an irreplaceable part of the organisation. S.W.O.T. Analysis: S.W.O.T. analysis can be performed on Tims organisation through which the problems within the organisation can be analysed and pathway for solutions can be achieved. Main strength of the organisation is Tims resilience to solve the problems at any cost. Tim has identified the problems within the organisation before it becomes too late. In order to solve the problems Tim has requested for expert advices and to obtain solutions for the problems and specifically has taken care that firing an employee does not become a primary solution (Kersley et al., 2013). Weaknesses of the organisation are the issues that have developed within the employees especially within crew members. Lack of communication, hiding issues frommanagement and constant development of war-like situation within the organisation are the weaknesses of Tims organisation (Kacmar et al., 2013). Opportunity is the arrival of experts opinion in order to solve the various issues. Intervention of outside party has provided Tim with a support system to plan the intervention. The suggestion has been given to form a three staged intervention plan that contains the sessions where an employee can identify their worst experiences, can describe the effects of those experiences and can tell about the communication and authority involvement to compensate those experiences (Noon, Blyton Morrell, 2013). Threats are visible before and after the intervention session in the organisation. Major threat is collapse of the organisation due to the conflicts between different groups of employees and the authority (Schultz et al., 2017). During the intervention plan most of the employees remain non-communicative as they have the fear that their feedback will cost them their job. It explains that crew members does not possess any trust in themanagement and that can be potential reason for resignation. 1. Tims question is pretty much fundamental in this case. After the intervention plan it is very necessary to get the feedback of the intervention plan developer. The intervention has been majorly focused on the problems of crew members (Poell Van Der Krogt, 2017). After the completion of the intervention process a list of issues have been developed which is appreciated by the crew members. Following the responses, Tims question can be answered appropriately. The crew members have finally found their voices and have raised every issue that they are facing either from a long time or from a short time (Aikens et al., 2014). I would tell that management needs to be more focused about the psychological conditions of the employees. Firing cannot be a solution of these problems. All the crew members of this organisation were working for long time like Bob, Tom and others. Due to several hurt feelings and bad experiences the crew members have bonded together in such a way that their trust is captivated inside that group. Management need to ease the situation by talking to each group of crew members and find the roots of their problems and solve it (Unsworth, Dmitrieva Adriasola, 2013). I will tell Tim that crew members will now respond to the management because the intervention program has impacted them well enough as they let out their bad feelings (Parumasur, 2012). It will be good to follow up the success of the intervention program step by step for the structural balance of the organisation. Tims total concern is based on the welfare of his organisation. The philosophical and behavioural dispute among the employees are causing structural dispute inside the organisation and hampering its productivity (Dixon Dixon, 2017). Tim will respond positively to the prior solution. The intervention program is a success as he finally came to know about the real problems among the crew members. He will tell that firing cannot be a primary prospect in solving those solutions as these employees are responsible for the productivity of the company till today. However, loosing respect among one of the employee group will affect my reputation. Therefore, there will be a solid requirement to stretch this intervention program among the assessors as it will also give a clear description about their issues and it will help them understand the decisions and planning those have been made in case of the crew members (Hodges, 2017). Chucks response will be a different one. From the starting he was looking to solve these problems by firing the crew members who were the roots of these disputes. The intervention process has achieved its success but Chuck thinks that it is a failure because ultimately Tim will lose his respect among the assessors (Tziner, Chernyak-Hai, 2012). He will tell management does not need to be restructured as the problem resides among the thoughts of crew members. Therefore, looking at their issues individually is nothing more than a loss of the time of the organisation. The organisation can replace those employees by hiring new ones those can strictly follow the orders of management and do not raise any issue. 3. Assessors: From the study it has been clearly seen that the assessors and the crew members are the internal enemy of each others. The main reasons behind these issues are absence of a well defined goal and clear knowledge of external enemy (Dorssemont, Lrcher Schmann, 2013). Crew concerns do not matter for the assessors, as from their viewpoint there are no reason for the crew members to misbehave with them. They will respond that the decision making of the management is perfect. The abusive behaviour of crew members are intolerable and the whole group should be fired. Inspectors: Relation between inspectors and crew members has not worsened as much as it did for the assessors. The inspectors will respond in a way that crew members should be given a chance to rectify their behaviours. Management should hear their concerns for once and decide the relevance of the issues mentioned by the crew. Tim: In the meeting of next Monday, Tim will try to resolve the issues between crew members and assessors. The issue of lack of trust can be solved by explaining the decision making process to the crew and associating them with a few ones those are necessary. He will propose a face to face meeting between the crew members and the assessors to build a well defined goal. Chuck: On Monday, Chuck will press the issue that management needs to sort out the crew members those are expendables and fire them immediately in order to save the time and money of the organisation. He will respond that Tim should focus more on his reputation among the assessors than the crew members. He will say that bit is not necessary to hold a meeting among the employees of the organisation. Conclusion: Therefore, concluding the report, it can be said that an organisation can only be run properly when it contains a stable employment relationship among the employees. If there is dispute among various groups of employees then ultimately the productivity of the organisation hampers. In this case of Tims organisation, both the assessors and crew members are important for the success of the organisation. Firing any group of employees will not be a good prospect for the organisation. The intervention program for crew members however has become a success. Therefore Tim along with other experts is looking to continue this program in order to solve the issues among the employees of the organisation. References: Aikens, K. A., Astin, J., Pelletier, K. R., Levanovich, K., Baase, C. M., Park, Y. Y., Bodnar, C. M. (2014). Mindfulness goes to work: Impact of an online workplace intervention.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,56(7), 721-731. Anderson, D. L. (Ed.). (2017).Cases and Exercises in Organization Development Change. Sage Publications. Bansal, A. (2015). Understanding the integration mechanisms practiced during organizational change: evidence from five M A transactions.Journal of Organizational Change Management,28(6), 929-947. Dixon, N., Dixon, N. (2017). Learning together and working apart: routines for organizational learning in virtual teams.The Learning Organization,24(3), 138-149. Dorssemont, F., Lrcher, K., Schmann, I. (Eds.). (2013).The European Convention on Human Rights and the employment relation. Bloomsbury Publishing. Hodges, J. (2017).Consultancy, Organizational Development and Change: A Practical Guide to Delivering Value. Kogan Page Publishers. Kacmar, K. M., Andrews, M. C., Harris, K. J., Tepper, B. J. (2013). Ethical leadership and subordinate outcomes: The mediating role of organizational politics and the moderating role of political skill.Journal of Business Ethics,115(1), 33-44. Kersley, B., Alpin, C., Forth, J., Bryson, A., Bewley, H., Dix, G., Oxenbridge, S. (2013).Inside the workplace: findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey. Routledge. Noon, M., Blyton, P., Morrell, K. (2013).The realities of work: Experiencing work and employment in contemporary society. Palgrave Macmillan. Parumasur, S. B. (2012). The effect of organisational context on organisational development (OD) interventions.SA Journal of Industrial Psychology,38(1), 1-12. Poell, R. F., Van Der Krogt, F. (2017). Why is organizing human resource development so problematic? Perspectives from the learning-network theory (Part I).The Learning Organization,24(3). Raoufi, M., Fayek, A. R., Gellatly, I. R. (2016). A Fuzzy Aggregation Method for Measuring Construction Crew Motivation. InConstruction Research Congress 2016(pp. 1782-1792). Schultz, J. S., Schultz, J. S., Sjvold, E., Sjvold, E., Andre, B., Andre, B. (2017). Can group climate explain innovative readiness for change?.Journal of Organizational Change Management,30(3), 440-452. Tziner, A., Chernyak-Hai, L. (2012). Perspectives on groups and work teams in the workplace.Revista de Psicologa del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones,28(1). Unsworth, K. L., Dmitrieva, A., Adriasola, E. (2013). Changing behaviour: Increasing the effectiveness of workplace interventions in creating pro?environmental behaviour change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(2), 211-229.

Ethics in Technology Cyber Crimes

Table of Contents Citation of the case Facts Positions of parties The issues of the case Moral and ethical principles Ruling’s impacts on information technology Works Cited Citation of the case Ethics denote unwritten rules that people in a certain professional sector should follow. In the cyber space, many users have overlooked ethical values. This has culminated in cyber malpractices and vices. Some of the frequent cyberspace vices include hacking and bullying (Curtis 34). Owing to the increase in cyber crime, many federal authorities have stepped-up the battle against cyber criminals.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ethics in Technology: Cyber Crimes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the most successful litigation against a cyber criminal was United States v. Ivanov. The defendant alongside his accomplice was found guilty and served sentences in American correctional facilities. However, the litigation resulted in many legal experts raising queries about the application of the statutes on cyber malpractices. The victims of the cyber crime were American entities and federal authorities. The defendant accessed their databases illegally. This breached confidentially since most of the data entailed private information. Subsequently, the data should be accessed after obtaining clearance. Furthermore, the defendant altered the data, which compromised the integrity of the information to the detriment of the organizations involved. Facts In this litigation, Aleksey Vladimirovich Ivanov was the defendant while the American government was the plaintiff. The defendant faced various charges, which entailed breach and sabotage of American cyber infrastructure. The charges also included conspiracy and cyber fraud. Ivanov was accused to have in his possession devices that would enable him access various databases illegally. His transgressions were against the Online Information Bu reau (OIB) based in Connecticut. However, the defendant committed the crimes while in a foreign country Russia. Ivanov has accessed their database and altered the information stored. The information distorted by Ivanov’s pertained to credit transfers and the credit status of clients. The company later encountered numerous challenges when undertaking its core operations owing to the distortion of data. Law enforcement authorities had been tracking Ivanov for a lengthy duration. He has accessed several federal databases in his hacking sprees. Overtime, federal authorities had gathered evidence on the databases he had accessed. Federal authorities had challenges gathering proof that would lead back to him. This is a key challenge that authorities encounter when combating cyber crime (Gustin 136).Advertising Looking for case study on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Positions of parties Since the defendant commi tted the crimes while in Russia, he pleaded that the American court system had no jurisdiction. This was a credible argument since the US constitution is not applicable in Russia. However, his plea based on jurisdiction was dismissed by the court. The court overruled the defendant’s motion on the basis that Ivanov’s actions would have repercussions in America, though they were committed on Russian soil. The relevant clauses in this litigation were applied in an extra-territorial manner. Consequently, the legal clauses disregarded the place from which the crime was committed. This case raised various concerns owing to the application of the law. For the first time, the American government was able to prosecute foreigners who had breached its law from foreign territories. This was a great win for the government since cyber crime had become a major concern for the government. Previously, criminals outside America breached various databases in America without fear of any l egal repercussions. Subsequently, they would alter data contained in such databases for their own purposes. The issues of the case The major concern in this case pertained to extra-territorial application of the legal statutes. In previous suits, most defendants were freed since the American constitution lacked jurisdiction in foreign countries. However, in United States v. Muench, the judge overruled that the American court system lacked jurisdiction on cyber crimes committed form outside the nation. Therefore, criminal who acted against American statutes while in other nations can also be tried by the American legal system. Gathering evidence against tech-savvy criminals was challenging owing to the nature of crimes (Curtis 215). Moral and ethical principles This case raised many moral and ethical concerns. First, accessing information illegally breached both moral and ethical principles. Hacking entails accessing information that one has no clearance to view. In United States v. Ivanov, the defendant accessed databases belonging to various institutions illegally. Most of the information contained in those databases was confidential. It is illegal to access such information.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ethics in Technology: Cyber Crimes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Breach of privacy is a disregard of ethical principles. In some nations, it also has legal implications. Privacy refers to a sense of autonomy, which is central to dignity and personality. People require solitude in their lives. Thus, it is imperative to guard this right. Intrusion of privacy has various repercussions on the victims since it may endanger their lives. Breach of privacy makes people vulnerable to impersonation and identity theft. These are serious crimes, which makes victims vulnerable to countless crimes. Impersonation has become a major concern since people’s private information is readily available in the internet. Charges against Ivanov specified that he committed a variety of financial crimes, which included extortion. To commit such crimes, he accessed databases in various organizations. Subsequently, he would alter the data stored. This enabled him to extort money from clients of various companies such as OIB. Accessing such databases allowed Ivanov to tamper with the integrity of the data. Tampering with the integrity of the data is a breach of ethics. Integrity is crucial in data management since it is utilized in decision making by various institutions, the government and individuals. Ethics denote desirable values that people should abide by. Hence, altering data for egocentric reasons breaches ethics. Data has become a vital resource whose integrity should be guarded (Gustin 189). Ruling’s impacts on information technology In the past, many cyber criminals have gone scot free despite committing serious crimes. However, in this suit, the defendant enco untered the full force of the legal statutes. Ivanov, the defendant was guilty of six crimes. The charges related to extortion, damaging of cyber infrastructure and fraud. The court convicted Ivanov and he served a jail sentence of three years. This ruling has contributed massively to the security of various databases. Foreign cyber criminals are more unwilling to vandalize American cyber infrastructure. Criminal outside America were previously immune from the American legal system.Advertising Looking for case study on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the judicial precedents set in United States v. Muench and United States v. Ivanov have made criminals that attempt to breach or attack the American cyber space from outside the nation also answerable to the American legal statutes. This law should be replicated in other countries. This would make securing the global cyber space a collective undertaking for all nations. This litigation acts a deterrent to many criminals globally. Nonetheless, it reveals the vulnerability of our cyber infrastructure. Companies and the government should coordinate efforts to secure the systems in companies and federal authorities. Fighting cyber crime will require constant research into applications that will guard against cyber criminals. Works Cited Curtis, George.The Law of Cybercrimes and Their Investigations. New York, NY: Taylor Francis, 2011. Print. Gustin, Joseph. Cyber Terrorism: A Guide for Facility Managers. Lilburn, GA: Fairmount, 2004. Print. This case study on Ethics in Technology: Cyber Crimes was written and submitted by user Mall0ry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Tarzan

Tarzan, a Man Among Beasts The Edgar Rice Burroughs novel Tarzan of the Apes was written in the year 1912 as a series in a magazine. The reviews were nowhere near as grand as the book’s two years later which labeled it an instant classic. The novel’s main themes touch on man’s survival and protection of the things that are closest to him as well as the identity of race and gender as symbols of power throughout the novel. And also of that man’s need to explore the wild frontier and that they are the most sophisticated thinkers, hunters, and species in the world. All of these themes are evident not only in the novel Tarzan of the Apes but also in the everyday lives of middle-class American men at the beginning of the twentieth century, as the nation was growing so were the ideologies of the supremacy of the white male. The first theme in the novel Tarzan of the Apes that will be examined is the idea that the male must support the weak and to protect the people that cannot protect themselves. This is evident throughout the novel as Tarzan protects everyone he loves to the furthest extent with no care for himself. His battles with neighboring tribes, huge lions, and other apes do nothing but reinforce his power and his protection to those that he holds dearest to himself. This helps to further explain the author Edgar Rice Burroughs view on modern life in the 1910’s and how white males should be protectors of their families and go to any extent to make sure that they are and always will be protected at all times under all conditions. The significance of these ideas is that to the reader, the reader being a white male American, is that he is not only the head of the household but also the protector of the weak and everyone in the family. Another point that was extremely evident throughout the reading of Tarzan of the Apes is that of survival of the fittest. In order to survive throughout the novel Tarzan is forced t... Free Essays on Tarzan Free Essays on Tarzan Tarzan, a Man Among Beasts The Edgar Rice Burroughs novel Tarzan of the Apes was written in the year 1912 as a series in a magazine. The reviews were nowhere near as grand as the book’s two years later which labeled it an instant classic. The novel’s main themes touch on man’s survival and protection of the things that are closest to him as well as the identity of race and gender as symbols of power throughout the novel. And also of that man’s need to explore the wild frontier and that they are the most sophisticated thinkers, hunters, and species in the world. All of these themes are evident not only in the novel Tarzan of the Apes but also in the everyday lives of middle-class American men at the beginning of the twentieth century, as the nation was growing so were the ideologies of the supremacy of the white male. The first theme in the novel Tarzan of the Apes that will be examined is the idea that the male must support the weak and to protect the people that cannot protect themselves. This is evident throughout the novel as Tarzan protects everyone he loves to the furthest extent with no care for himself. His battles with neighboring tribes, huge lions, and other apes do nothing but reinforce his power and his protection to those that he holds dearest to himself. This helps to further explain the author Edgar Rice Burroughs view on modern life in the 1910’s and how white males should be protectors of their families and go to any extent to make sure that they are and always will be protected at all times under all conditions. The significance of these ideas is that to the reader, the reader being a white male American, is that he is not only the head of the household but also the protector of the weak and everyone in the family. Another point that was extremely evident throughout the reading of Tarzan of the Apes is that of survival of the fittest. In order to survive throughout the novel Tarzan is forced t...

Paper 1 Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Paper 1 Biology - Essay Example 1. Components of physical examination The components of physical examination include inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation respectively. However, some physicians may choose a different sequence depending on the training. All these examinations focus on knowing more about the present condition of disease of the patient or even the most probable to occur. Inspection involves the search for signs while palpation involves the feeling for the signs. Percussion is the tapping for signs, mainly in the lung and gut examinations. Auscultation involves using the stethoscope to listen to the heart rate. Anciently, physicians listened directly through the ear. It is not mandatory that all systems will have signs but most will. Physical examination is the general examination of the human body performed by physicians. It covers most of the basic body systems, including the gut, system nerve system, lung system, and heart system. More examinations are not common but it depends on the patient’s clinical condition. Physical examination helps in confirming any persistent issues after a previous diagnosis. It also reveals persistent and hidden pathological entities. Physicians performing this examination always look for signs like the blood pressure, temperature, heart beat rate and respiratory rate. Performing physical examination incurs low costs because the only cost is, the labor cost (Memmlers, 2012). Many medical practitioners have recommended it as a screening test because it is non-invasive and significantly revealing. Doctors are important figures during this process because they make decision with regard to the patient’s clinical history. At times, physical examination requires extensive procedures involving the private body parts. In such situations, the patients must make consent. 2). Blood Pressure The measurement of blood pressure is a quick and painless process that provides the physicians with important information about the condition o f the heart and the body blood vessels. a). Doctors use the sphygmomanometer, also known as the blood pressure cuff, to measure the blood pressure. This instrument contains an inflatable cuff and a small pressure gauge attached to the cuff. The cuff wraps around the upper arm, but some wrap around the wrist or forearm. When taking the blood pressure, the doctor uses a stethoscope to the movement of blood through the arteries. The doctor will then inflate the cuff to a pressure that is higher than the patient’s systolic blood pressure. The first sound heard by the doctor through the stethoscope records as the systolic blood pressure. This occurs when the cuff’s pressure is in the process of reducing to reach stability. A second follows immediately the first whooshing one fades away (Memmlers, 2012). This is the diastolic blood pressure. The doctor measure with reference to the heart beat rate for the maximum pressure and the minimum pressure. b). Mr. Smith’s bloo d pressure was 160/100 The numerator (160) represents the systolic pressure, which is the maximum pressure of blood movement in the artery at that particular when the heart is working to supply blood throughout the body. The denominator represents (100) the diastolic pressure, which is the minimum pressure of blood movement in the artery in the moments between heartbeats and its resting state. c). The significant difference